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Umar ibn al-Khattab (Umar al Khatab):
Background: Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, succeeding Abu Bakr.
Role: Umar is known for the conquest of Jerusalem in 637. His entry into Jerusalem was marked by a treaty that guaranteed the safety of the city's inhabitants and religious sites, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Temple Mount, where Al-Aqsa is located.
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