1st Crusade - 3rd Crusade (1096-1192):
Background: Triggered by the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I's appeal for aid against the Seljuk Turks, Pope Urban II called for a Crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control.
Outcome: The First Crusade resulted in the capture of Jerusalem in 1099. The Crusaders established several feudal states in the Levant, including the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Second Crusade (1147-1149)
Background: Launched in response to the fall of the County of Edessa to the Muslims, the Second Crusade aimed to reinforce the Crusader states.
Outcome: The Second Crusade did not achieve its objectives, and the Crusader states faced internal conflicts.
Third Crusade (1189-1192):
Background: Triggered by the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin in 1187, European leaders, including Richard the Lionheart of England, embarked on the Third Crusade.
Outcome: Although the Crusaders did not recapture Jerusalem, they secured certain coastal cities and achieved a truce with Saladin.